Convert file extensions to lower case (rename, Linux shell script)

I am using Uni­son more and more, and recently I deci­ded to try to use it to keep my digi­tal image archive synchro­ni­zed. It seems that at some time I have not expli­citly instruc­ted the image impor­ting pro­gram of the day (Shotwell being the pro­gram I mostly use) to rename the image files in order to con­se­quently use a lower case file extension.

Thus I felt the need to rename all image files (in the shotwell fol­der) to a lower case file exten­sion. There may or may not be a pro­gram out there to do this, but I wrote my own shell script for this pur­pose. My expe­ri­ence is that I learn more by doing it myself, and a lot of the tricks I learn can be reu­sed the next time.

This is how I did it, I can­not pro­mise that it will work for anyone else (inden­ta­tion lost in Word­Press):

#!/bin/sh
imgdir=‘pwd‘
imgucext=$(find ${imgdir} –type f –name ‘.’ | awk –F’.’ ‘NF > 0 { print $NF }’ | sort | uniq | LC_ALL=C egrep ”[[:upper:]]”)
for ucext in ${imgu­cext}
do
lcext=$(echo ${ucext}|awk ’{print tolower($0)}’)
find ${imgdir} –type f –name “.${ucext}” –print | \
sed ’{s/ /\\ /g}’ – | \
sed ’{s/(/\\(/g}’ – | \
sed ’{s/)/\\)/g}’ – | \
sed ”{s/\(.\.\)${ucext}$/mv –n –v \1${ucext} \1${lcext}/g}” – | \
sh
done

USB sound on Alix running Voyage

I thought that using a USB sound card with Linux would be easy, just plug and play, but I was wrong, it seems. Plug­ging in the Ter­ra­tec Aureon Dual USB (ID: 0ccd:0077) that I bought ren­de­red a pro­mi­sing out­put from dmesg and lsusb, and lsmod sho­wed that even rele­vant modu­les were loa­ded. The pro­blem was that mpd and other pro­grams did not find any way to actu­ally out­put sound to any device. They had the firm belief that my system was lac­king any sound card. Maybe I would need some sound rela­ted pac­ka­ges?

aptitude install alsa-base alsaplayer alsaplayer-text alsa-utils

## Keep snd-usb-audio from beeing loaded as first soundcard<br/> #options snd-usb-audio index=-2

# Fix from http://forum.doozan.com/read.php?2,4119,4166<br/>

1. Allow snd-usb-audio to be loaded as first soundcard options snd-usb-audio index=0
   
   Now I was at least able to get alsa­mixer to ack­now­ledge the mere existence of a sound rela­ted device, but alas it chose an input only device (most likely my Logi­tech webcam with microp­hone) as the default device even though it cal­led the Ter­ra­tec one default by name. Luc­kily for me the just men­tio­ned forum thread linked to a more sub­stan­tial thread descri­bing the pro­blem in more depth. I added myself and the mpd user to the audio group, to make sure that there would not be any pro­blems with per­mis­sions regar­ding the devices
   

   addgroup jadler audio addgroup mpd audio

   
   I was still unable to play anyt­hing (wit­hout expli­citly cho­sing what Alsa refers to as sound card 1). So I kept try­ing the stuff that had worked for the per­son repor­ting in the forum, cre­a­ting an /etc/asound.conf file with basi­cally the same con­tent as sug­ges­ted in the last thread refer­red to above, but chan­ging all refe­rences to hw:0 to hw:1, and from card 0 to card 1. Now mplayer works, but I still can’t get mpd to do its thing.
   Alix, Datorer, Embedded, English, Linux alix, audio group, configuration file, Debian, linux, mpd, problem, terratec aureon, usb sound card

2. Alix2d13 — Voyage Linux or Debian Live?

   Posted on May 12th, 2011 Johan Adler No comments

   I am not sure whet­her it is cau­sed by the Ubuntu 10.10 amd64 run­ning on my work­sta­tion or on some bug in the Emde­bian pac­kage, but I do have a hard time to get Emde­bian instal­led. I have tried Mul­tistrap, Debootstrap, and Debian Instal­ler, and I have done it on the Alix com­pu­ter using PXE boot, on my work­sta­tion (follo­wed by chroot etc), and on vir­tual machi­nes using qemu/kvm or Vir­tu­al­box, but so far no luck.

   All of this makes it less and less attemp­ting to actu­ally install any Emde­bian based Debian, and so I gradu­ally tur­ned back to Voyage Linux. When I was brow­sing the Voyage site I lear­ned about Debian Live, the system that “punkytse” uses to cre­ate the Voyage ima­ges, and also offers for down­load under tha name “Voyage SDK”. So now I am tes­ting Debian Live and try­ing to learn more about it.

   The wiki and the manual seems to be a good place to start when lear­ning about Debian Live.

   For those inte­res­ted in PC Engi­nes Alix the Alix forum may also be a good source of information.

   (I should really find a bet­ter Word­Press theme, I know…)

   Alix, Embedded, English, Linux, Wordpress alix, Debian, linux, pc engines

3. Installing Linux on PC Engines Alix2d13 (part 2.5)

   Posted on May 10th, 2011 Johan Adler No comments

   After publishing I rea­li­zed that I could have sup­plied more infor­ma­tion, and more down­lo­ads, than I did in my pre­vious post.

   Here are links to pat­ched ver­sions of Debian netboot.tar.gz (stable/Squeeze, testing/Wheezy and daily build), all down­lo­a­ded and pat­ched today, 2011-05-10:
   

   
   
   • netboot-ttyS0-stable-110510.tar.gz
   
   
   • netboot-ttyS0-testing-110510.tar.gz
   
   
   • netboot-ttyS0-daily-110510.tar.gz
   
   
   
   I have also made a diff file for the stable mod.

   What my script does, basi­cally, is this:
   

   
   
   1. Untar the tar­ball and cd to debian-installer/i386/boot-screens/ where all changes are made.
   
   
   2. In the file syslinux.cfg (which is actu­ally a file with PXELINUX con­fi­gu­ra­tions) two lines are added:
      
      
      
      1. serial 0 38400—tel­ling PXELINUX to use ttyS0 for I/O (i.e. as console).
      
      
      2. con­sole 0—do not try to use any video console
      
      
      
      
   
   
   3. In the files adtxt.cfg, rqtxt.cfg and txt.cfg sub­sti­tute any occu­rence of vga=788 for ttyS0,38400n8. This is done in order to tell the ker­nel that:
      
      
      
      1. There is no graphic/video console
      
      
      2. The con­sole that should be used is the first serial port, and with the spe­ci­fied settings.
      
      
      
      
   
   
   
   This is a simp­li­fi­ca­tion, since my script also inclu­des a vari­able for the num­ber of the serial port, in case your con­sole is not on ttyS0. I have not inclu­ded any such con­ve­ni­ence regar­ding speed and other set­tings for the serial port chosen.
   Alix, Datorer, Embedded, English, Linux alix, Debian, installing linux, netboot, pc engines, pxelinux, serial port

4. Installing Linux on PC Engines Alix2d13 (part 2)

   Posted on May 8th, 2011 Johan Adler No comments

   I have found it to be quite nice to be able to boot the Alix board over the network using PXE. Using the Debian netboot.tar.gz tar­ball and TFTP I can boot the Debian Instal­ler or a rescue system, and the for­mer lets me install Debian Linux wit­hout phy­si­cally touching the CF.

   In order to make net­boot use the serial port as con­sole I have pat­ched the Debian net­boot tar­ball, and I made a script that does all the patching, just for you…

   patch-netboot.sh

   I have tested it with the Debian stable and tes­ting netboot.tar.gz down­lo­a­ded today and it works, and also with the daily snap­shot from Debian installer.

   The script will modify the file syslinux.cfg in order to make PXE­Li­nux use the serial port, and the files adtxt.cfg, rqtxt.cfg and txt.cfg to make sure that the Linux ker­nel (actu­ally the Debian instal­ler in this case) also uses the serial port as con­sole. (Look at the script to see the actual changes. You should of course have a look at it before run­ning it, anyway.)

   Making my anci­ent Net­gear WGT634U run­ning OpenWRT serve PXE ima­ges was really a no-brainer. In the Services/Dnsmasq page I ente­red the three cho­i­ces shown below, with  the pat­ched net­boot untar­red on a USB stick mounted on /mnt/sda2.

   

   Refe­rences (other that links above):
   

   
   
   • http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/ch04s05.html.en—about set­ting up a TFTP ser­ver for netboot.
   
   
   • http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/docs/dnsmasq-man.html—as above, for dns­masq
   
   
   • http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/478—more on dns­masq
     
   
   
   • http://etherboot.org/wiki/dnsmasq—even more on dns­masq and PXE
     
   
   
   
   Some more patching lets me use pre­see­ding too, but more on that anot­her time.
   Alix, Embedded, English, Linux alix, Debian, debian installer, dnsmasq, installing linux, linux, tftp server
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